Irish Immigration Essay Example

Irish Immigration Paper The United States of America is a country composed of many nations. Since its colonial era, people from all over the world has immigrated to America in pursuit of a dream. One of the largest an successful groups of settlers is the Irish immigrants one. This essay will trace the history of the Irish immigrants and their experience in America. . Encouraged by King Charles II, the Irish American immigrants were one of the first nations to settle in America. Escaping from an Ireland marked by economic discrimination, the first group of Irish immigrants arrived in America during the First Wave of Immigration, period between 1680-1776. This first group, known as Scots-Irish, spread over the country according to their preference for land. Their decentralization resulted in the weakening of their culture. During the Second Wave of Immigration to America in the 1800s, internal factors once again led the Irish to leave their homeland, thus America seemed to be the promising land: gold was discovered, high demand for workers, immigration encouraged by the American government and high wages. However, in the 1830s the Irish immigrants started to suffer discrimination. Religious opposition and attempt to Americanize their children were the most serious offense against their culture. Catholic churches and convents were burnt, and controversies raised about the content taugh in public schools. During the period of the First and Second Wave, the Irish came to America in pursuit of economic and social freedom. Ireland was under the English influence and the Irish culture was being depreciated. Their language was being lost and they suffered religion persecution due their catholic roots. We will write a custom essay sample on Irish Immigration specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Irish Immigration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Irish Immigration specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Economic factors also influenced the Irish to emigrate. The rapid population growth in Europe and the Agricultural Revolution forced the closure of common land, leaving many farmers without a job. The Industrial Revolution absorbed a certain level of manpower, but it was not enough to cover the whole unemployed population. Therefore, America was seen as the land of hope. The Third (1890- 1930) and Fourth (1965 to present) Immigration Wave is marked by immigration policies. The rate of immigration from Ireland to America decreases, and the Irish community in the USA succeeds. The Irish succeeded greatly in America. Economically speaking, they achieved much more than they would have in Ireland, they supported and offered a better life to their families. Culturally, they absorbed and influenced the American culture, and also retained their pride and roots. They became from elected leaders, such as the former President John F. Kennedy and Ronald Reagan, to celebrities, such as Sean Penn and Ben Afflec. Encouraged by the English King and the economic and social issues in Ireland, the Irish emigrated to America in pursuit of a dream. Along its history in America, they were victim of discrimination and religious opposition, together with attempts to undermine their culture and beliefs. In spite of these hard times, they achieve economic success and a cultural equilibrium, establishing themselves as one of the most successful groups of immigrants in the USA. Sources: U. S. Census Bureau. http://www. census. gov/Press-Release/www/releases/archives/facts_for_features_special_editions/006328. html . Acessed on 2010-04-18 Mauk, D. , Oakland, J. American Civilization. London: Routledge.

Use Social Media Essay Samples As a Foundation For Your Essay

Use Social Media Essay Samples As a Foundation For Your EssayThere are many times when it is wise to use social media essay samples as a foundation for your essay. This is often the case because your style of writing is going to be very different from your friends and acquaintances who use social media for their writing needs. Therefore, there is no point in using them as a source of information, since you will be creating your own style. And by creating your own style of writing, it is a far better way to get a good grade.So, what is the best way to approach social media essay samples? The easiest way is to simply read what they have to say. And this can often be a good starting point.Before you pick up the next social media essay sample, do some research on them. Reading about how people use these sites is always a good idea. This will give you an idea of how you can integrate your own writing style into it.Some certain online writers will include more links in their essays. Do not be surprised if you find a couple of blog posts or articles that you think would fit well in with what you are going to write. You can read the online comments to see how many people like the samples.Do not overthink the blog post. It is good enough to just have a subject that you can talk about. This means you should include that your topic is in fact the fact that you need to write a very good essay, which involves the key points that you have covered in your other work. You are going to have to really pay attention to this, since you will not find too many places that will be able to comment on your topic.There are still plenty of internet marketers and students out there. These people are especially talented and have great writing skills. They have already got the knack of making it as an internet marketer. They are just waiting for their first assignment to be able to take their very own essay to the next level.These are all examples of how you can use social media essay sampl es as a platform to make you first essay as powerful as it can be. Therefore, pick them up and follow your path, because it can lead you to success and learning.

Learn ESL Through Movement

Learn ESL Through Movement If youve tried, and struggled, to learn English as a second language (ESL) the usual ways, its time to try it Dr. James Ashers way- through movement. With a student seated on each side of him, Asher demonstrates his technique by asking them to do what he does. Thats all. They dont repeat what he says, they just do what he does. Stand,  he says, and he stands. They stand. Walk, Asher says, and he walks. They walk. Turn. Sit. Point. Within minutes, he gives commands as complicated as, Walk to the chair and point at the table, and his students can do it by themselves. Heres the clincher. In his DVD, he demonstrates in Arabic, a language nobody in the room knows. In study after study, Asher has found that students of all ages can learn a new language quickly and stress-free in just 10-20 hours of silence. Students simply listen to a direction in the new language and do what the instructor does. Asher says, After understanding a huge chunk of the target language with TPR, students spontaneously begin to speak. At this point, students reverse roles with the instructor and utter directions to move their classmates and the instructor. Voila. Asher is the originator of the Total Physical Response approach to learning any language. His book, Learning Another Language Through Actions, is in its sixth edition. In it, Asher describes how he discovered the power of learning languages through physical movement, and the lengths to which he went to prove the technique through scientific experimentation involving the differences between the right and left brain. Ashers studies have proven that while the left brain puts up a fight against the memorization of new languages that occurs in so many classrooms, the right brain is completely open to responding to new commands, immediately. He is adamant about the need to comprehend a new language silently, by simply responding to it, before attempting to speak it, much like a new child imitates his or her parents before beginning to make sounds. While the book is on the academic side, and a little dry, it includes Ashers fascinating research, a lengthy and comprehensive QA that covers questions from both teachers and students, a directory of TPR presenters around the world, comparisons to other techniques, and get this, 53 lesson plans. Thats right- 53! He walks you through how to teach TPR in 53 specific sessions. Can learning take place if the students remain in their seats? Yes. Sky Oaks Productions, publisher of Ashers work, sells wonderful full-color kits of different settings such as home, airport, hospital, supermarket, and playground. Think Colorforms. Remember the pliable plastic forms that stick on a board and easily peel off to move? Responding to imperatives with these kits has the same result as physically moving. Asher also shares samples of mail he has received from people around the world. One of his letters is from Jim Baird, who writes that his classroom has wall-to-wall white boards on which he has created communities and complete countries. Baird writes: Students are required to drive, walk (with their fingers), fly, hop, run, etc. between buildings or cities, pick up things or people and deliver them to other places. They can fly into an airport and rent a car and drive it to another city where they can catch a flight or a boat, all kinds of possibilities. Sure is fun! Asher is generous with the materials and information he provides on his Sky Oaks Productions website, known as TPR World. He is clearly passionate about his work, and its easy to see why.

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts

How To Make Scented and Colored Bath Salts This is a recipe for making scented, colored bath salts. Difficulty: Average Time Required: 15 minutes Heres How: Mix salts together in a bowl.Stir in remaining ingredients. Generally a drop of two of fragrance is sufficient. Use ingredients containing water with care (color, certain fragrances), since too much water will dissolve salt.Spoon salts into the jars and seal them. Decorative labels listing ingredients are nice! Tips: Make certain jars are absolutely dry. Salts absorb moisture, so this project will work better in low humidity.Kitchen fragrances work well. Try extracts of vanilla, lemon, orange, cinnamon, or mint.Not all essential oils are appropriate for bathing! Suggestions to try include lavendar, rose geranium, rosemary, or jojoba.Colors or fragrances may be omitted, if desired, for persons with chemical sensitivities.Some essential oils are naturally colored (e.g., chamomile is blue). What You Need: 2 C Epsom Salts1 C Sea Salt or Rock Salt1/4 tsp GlycerineFood ColorsEssential Oils or PerfumeJars with Lids/Stoppers

Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Research Paper Example In this reference, this paper looks at the Korean carbon emission and the per capita of the emission in the country. Korean per capita carbon emission steadily rose from 2002 when it stood at 2.8 to 2006 when the emission per capita reached the apex-3.56. The emission was drastically reduced in the 2007 to about 2.95 but picked steadily from 2008 where again it went to 3.25 (Kreiser 54). The carbon emission in Korea from the statistics thus shows the dynamics that are experienced in the emission of carbon with the changes taking place in the per capita emission. It should be bore in mind that the per capita calculation is considering a population of about 45 million people according to the 2011 population census. As such, this year the country has been appealing to the companies to cut on the emission of gases, in this quest the company wants a reduction of about 3% of the greenhouse gas emission that would translate into a combined 17.2 million metric tons (Kreiser 69). Out of the 3 77 companies in the country, it is suspected that without a stringent control over the emission of the gases, there will be additional emission of about 570.6 million tons of the carbon dioxide gas. The government of the Korea has issued a statement to the companies to ensure that they tremendously reduce the emission by about 8 million tons this year. In Korea some of the countries that have been given limit of carbon emission includes Posco, this company was given the largest amount of reduction expected from it, that is to ensure that there is reduced emission by 2.48 million tons (Kreiser 81). Posco is one of the still industries in Korea that contributes to the country’s gas emission abundantly. Hyundai Stell Company is the second n list of the industries indentified to be the largest producers of the carbon gas and has been given a reduction of the 487, 000 tons. The third company is an Ssangyong cement industry that has been given the target of about 443,000 tons in ef forts to reduce the emission per capita in the country (Kreiser 73). The Korean government realized the with the carbon trade issues, the country stands to loose if it can not control its industrial emission through the major industries in the country that are responsible for the release of the gases. Carbon Footprint It can be defined as the total am out of carbon that is emitted by individuals, in an even or a group of people that uses fossil fuel as their sources of energy. As we also know the some of the Carbon dioxide are produced naturally in the environment, this complicates the precise determination of the actual carbon dioxide gas that is produced by an individual or a group of people. Notwithstanding, the emission of the gases can still be estimated per individual or in a group of individuals. In this regard, I consider my contribution to the carbon emission to be about 3.1 tons as compared to our countries average that is about 3.5 tons per person. With the increased carb on footprint in the country, it is advisable that people are educated on those practices that will ensure safety use of the carbon source that will not result into the emission of the gases. Reduction Strategies There are ways through which one can consider reducing the amount of carbon footprint; I will consider a number of initiatives to reduce my carbon

Business Law Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Business Law - Case Study Example During the exam, Grothe asked Eelbode to do an exercise and during it Eelbode experienced immediate sharp and burning pain in his lower back and down the back of his right leg. Consequently, Eelbode filed a suit in a Washington state court against Grothe and Chec, claiming that he was injured because of an improperly administered back torso strength test. Based on the exculpatory document signed by Eelbode, Grothe and Chec filed a motion for summary judgment. The issue is whether the court should grant the motion and consider the exculpatory clause valid. RULE:Â   An adhesion contract is a legally binding contract, presented by one party to the other in a standardized form which contains clauses written exclusively by one party, without them being properly negotiated with the other party. This is the result of unequal bargaining power and causes unfair consequences to the adhering party. APPLICATION: The agreement signed between Norbert Eelbode and Grothe and Chec is an adhesion contract which did not offer Norbert the opportunity to negotiate its clauses. Norbert did not have a choice to sign or not to sign the exculpatory clause as he needed to pass the medical exam in order to get a job at Travelers Inn. Therefore, he was forced by the circumstances to sign the contract. Agreeing to that clause would not have been a problem if the physical injuries suffered by Norbert would not have occurred during the improper strength test. The exculpatory clause signed by Norbert actually forced him to give up any legal method of protecting his rights and repairing the suffered damages. This is unfair to Norbert, and, therefore, the agreement signed by him and Grothe and Chec is an adhesive one and should not be enforced. CONCLUSION: The court should consider the agreement signed by Norbert Eelbode an adhesive one and should not enforce it. Therefore, the exculpatory clause should not be considered

Contributions Of Lim Guan Eng In Penang

Contributions Of Lim Guan Eng In Penang As a democracy country, there are many politicians in Malaysia. Based on the Oxford English Dictionary, politician means that a person who is professionally involved in politics, especially as a holder of an elected office. Besides, due to the Macmillan Dictionary, it is defined that politician is someone who has a job in politics and especially a member of parliament. Other than that, politician is a leader engaged in civil administration and always active in party politics. For those who are interested to become a politician or a political leader, he or she is involved in influencing public policy and decision making. This may be included people who hold decision making positions in government, and people who seek to those positions. However, politics is not limited to governance through public office. Political offices may also be held in corporations, and other entities that are governed by self-defined political processes. This can be known as freedom fighters. In order to become a politician in Malaysia, the individuals must be very active in political area. They are politically active especially in party politics. They must be a person who is holding or seeking political office whether elected or appointed, whether professionally or otherwise. Besides, the positions range is from local offices to executive, legislative and judicial offices of state and national governments. Some law enforcement officers, such as sheriffs are considered to be politicians also. There are many roles that need to be carried up as a politician. It is a common error to assume that the politicians role is to create jobs, encourage economic activity, enhance the welfare and well-being of his subjects, preserve the territorial integrity of his country, and fulfill a host of other functions. However, in truth, the politician has a single and exclusive role which is to get re-elected. His primary responsibility is to his party and its members. His relationship is with his real constituency, the partys rank and file. So, we can simplify that a politician is just like the CEO (Chief Executive Officer) and he needs to answer to the corporations major shareholders. Lastly, a politician must manage to persuade people that everything will just go on getting better. As a general rule, politicians cannot lie. They can just say the real thing to the society. All politicians know that they will never get elected if they did not tell out the truth and try to lie to the society. No opposition politician will make strong statements pointing out structural difficulties or impending disaster because one day they hope to be in power and so they will do nothing that might frighten the electorate. So, a politician must be a very sincere person and he or she must stand towards the justice. Biography One of the respected and honorable politician in Malaysia is Lim Guan Eng. Lim Guan Eng is a Chinese man who was born on 8 December 1960. The place of birth of Lim Guan Eng is in Johor Bahru. Lim Guan Eng is a Chinese name and Lim is the family name. The father of Lim Guan Eng is Lim Kit Siang who was also involved in politic before this. Lim Kit Siang, father of Lim Guan Eng is a prominent leader of the Democratic Action Party. This is a democratic socialist opposition party in Malaysia. Lim Kit Siang had become the leader of the opposition party in the Dewan Rakyat from 1973 to 1999 and 2004 to 2008. Besides, Lim Guan Eng is married to Betty Chew Gek Cheng. Betty Chew Gek Cheng is one of the Malaysian Chinese politicians. She is coming from the Democratic Action Party which is also known as (DAP). In the year of 2005, Betty Chew Gek Cheng became the chief of the DAP Malacca womens wing. Other than that, she is also represents the constituency of Kota Laksamana in the State Assembly of Malacca.  [1]  Lim Guan Eng and Betty Chew Gek Cheng have a total of four children. They have three sons and a daughter only. In addition, Lim Guan Eng himself is a Member of Parliament for Bagan, State Assembly man for Air Puteh. He is the 4th Chief Minister of the State of Penang. He is also the Secretary-General of the Malaysian Democratic Action Party (DAP). DAP completed a clean sweep of all 19 Penang state seats it contested in the 12th Malaysian General Election. Moreover, there is also the early education of Lim Guan Eng. First and foremost, Lim Guan Eng attended to the La Salle Primary English School which is situated in Petaling Jaya. After that, he also continued for his study at Montfort Primary English School which is situated at Batu Pahat. Next, as for his secondary education, he went to the High School which is also situated in Batu Pahat. Later, he went to the Malacca High School to further his study. As for his universitys life, he was study at Monash University which is one of the famous universities in Australia. The course that he was taking during that time was the Bachelor of Economics. Finally, Lim Guan Eng managed to graduate from Monash University, Australia. He was successfully became a qualified professional accountant in the year of 1983. Other than that, he was also the president of (MUISS) which is known as Monash University International Student Society. Political Career Furthermore, there was also the early career of Lim Guan Eng. Before participating himself into the political area, Lim Guan Eng was a Bank Senior executive. He was first elected as a Member of Parliament for Kota Melaka in the year of 1986 by defeating the former Malaysian football captain, Soh Chin Aun with a majority of 17,606 votes. In October of the year 1987, Lim Guan Eng was detained in Operation Lalang under the inhumane Internal Security Act also known as ISA for almost 18 months. He was released after 18 months on April 1989. After joining in the Democratic Action Party, his political life becomes more active. As a proof to show that he began to active in the political area, he was appointed as the DAP Socialist Youth Chairman in the year of 1989. Then, he was elected to that post in the year of 1992. Besides, he was then re-elected in the subsequent year of 1990 and 1995 for general elections as MP for Kota Melaka for the second and third term, albeit with reduced majority votes. He thus became the first person to be elected for three consecutive terms in Kota Melaka. Other than that, he was also the first Malacca High School alumnus to achieve this. In the year 1995 also, he was elected as the DAP Deputy Secretary-General. Unfortunately, Lim Guan Eng was charged under the Sedition Act during this year also. After 12 months, Lim Guan Eng was released which is on 25 August 1999 due to his good behavior. Due to his incarceration, he was barred from standing for election for a period of five years. Therefore, he was ineligible to contest in the 2004 General Election. So in the year of 2004, he became the Secretary-General of the party in May. In 8 March 2008, Lim Guan Eng again contested in the Bagan parliamentary seat and Air Putih state seat in the General Election. Finally, he won the Bagan seat, defeated Song Choy Leng (BN) with a majority of 22,070 votes, and the Air Putih seat beating Tan Yoke Cheng (BN) with a 4,061 vote margin. Besides, during 11 March 2008, he also sworn in as the Chief Minister of Penang and initiated a system of governance which is based on the principles of Competency, Accountability and Transparency and with a soul as one that adopts an ethical and moral leadership that professes and gives faith, hope and love. Problems and obstacles faced by Lim Guan Eng Based on the whole political career stated above, Lim Guan Eng had faced some problems and obstructs in the year of 1994. He was arrested by the Malaysian police in 1994. This is because of his criticism on the governments handling of allegations of statutory rape in one of his constituents by former Chief Minister of the state of Melaka, Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Thamby Chik. Consequently, while the Attorney General decided not to press charges on Rahim Thamby Chik, Lim Guan Eng was charged under Section 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act 1948 and also under Section 8A (1). The victim who was actually a Malay girl was initially detained by Malaysian police without parental consent for 10 days. With the verdict on the trial of Malaysian parliamentarian Lim Guan Eng due to be delivered shortly, Amnesty International reiterates its concern that Lim Guan Eng could face up to six years in jail and be disqualified from Parliament. Amnesty International considers that the charges against Lim Guan Eng were politically motivated, designed to intimidate dissenting voices and to limit debate on an issue of genuine public concern. Amnesty International believes that if convicted, he would be a prisoner of conscience imprisoned solely for the peaceful expression of his political views. Lim Guan Eng was charged in 1995 under the Sedition Act and the Printing Presses and Publications Act. His trial opened in January 1996 and concluded on 28 February 1997 at the Malacca High Court. The judge who was Datuk Mohd Noor Abdullah was expected to deliver his judgment on 28 April 1997. Due to the happening of this incident, Lim Guan Eng was barred from standing for election for a period of five years. Base on the rule, members of parliament who are jailed for a year, or who are fined more than RM2000 (approximately US$780), will automatically forfeit their parliamentary seats. In addition, Amnesty International concern that Lim Guan Eng could be imprisoned. Besides, the organization is also concerned that if he is convicted, his constituents will be denied their elected representative simply because he spoke out on their behalf. Malaysian police arrested and charged Lim Guan Eng after he had publicly criticized the governments handling of allegations of statutory rape against the former Chief Minister of Malacca, Tan Sri Abdul Rahim Tamby Chik in the year 1994. In January 1995, Lim Guan Eng also stated that double standards were being applied in the statutory rape case. Attorney General Mohtar Abdullah had decided not to prosecute Rahim Tamby Chik, while the underaged alleged victim, a fifteen-year old Muslim school girl was placed under protective custody. On 28 February 1995, Lim Guan Eng was accused under Section 4(1) (b) of the Sedition Act of prompting disaffection with the administration of justice in Malaysia. If he found guilty, he need to face up to three years in jail and a RM5000 (approximately US$1,960) fine or both. In addition, on 17 March 1995, Lim Guan Eng was charged under Section 8A (1) of the Printing Presses and Publications Act for maliciously printing a pamphlet containing allegedly false information specifically because he had used the term imprisoned victim in reference to the alleged rape victim. This charge carries a jail term of three years, a fine not exceeding RM20000 (approximately US$7,894) or both. Following the Federal Courts ruling, Judge Datuk Mohd Noor Abdullah ruled that the prosecution had in fact proved both charges against Lim Guan Eng beyond reasonable doubt and that the defense had a case to answer. Regarding Lim Guan Engs allegedly seditious verbal statements, the judge ruled that the report of a single junior police officer which was unsupported by an audio recording, constituted sufficient evidence to proceed. Besides, regarding the charges of printing false information, the judge ruled that the prosecution had proved beyond reasonable doubt evidence and suggesting that the phrase imprisoned victim was false. This was apparently ignoring assertions that the statutory rape victim had been detained by police for ten days without parental consent. Finally, after a series of appeals, Lim Guan Eng was sentenced to 18 months of imprisonment. However, he was released after 12 months on August 25 in the year of 1999. During the judicial procedure, Lim Guan Eng said that If I fail and have to go to jail, I have no regrets. I have no regrets of going down fighting for the principles of truth and justice and pursuit of human rights, especially womens rights. There can be no womens rights if women rape victims are considered equally responsible, and even detained, whilst the accused remain free.  [2]  Lim Guan Eng is such a good politician that stands on behalf of justice. Contributions of Lim Guan Eng in Penang As a politician, Lim Guan Eng does play his roles and manage to carry on all his responsibility towards the society. He had contributed so many things that are benefit to our society. In Malaysian general election at the year of 2008, the coalition of DAP-PKR-PAS later known as the Pakatan Rakyat had won 29 out of 40 state seats contested, in which DAP is the largest winning party with 19 seats, PKR 9 seats, and PAS 1. Thus, it defeated the former ruling coalition of Barisan Nasional for the authority to rule Penang for the next five years. However, Lim Guan Eng is not a resident in Penang. So, as the Secretary-General of DAP, he was nominated to be the next Chief Minister (CM) of Penang and replacing the long serving former Chief Minister Tan Sri Dr. Koh Tsu Koon. Senior DAP leaders of Penang such as Lim Hock Seng, Phee Boon Poh, and Chow Kon Yeow were bypassed and were instead appointed as excos. As the new Penang Chief Minister, Lim Guan Eng announced an amnesty on all summonses issued by the Penang Municipal Council and Seberang Perai Municipal Council which involving vendors licenses and parking offences issued before March 2008. On March 14, a rowdy group comprising mostly Umno members and supporters took to the streets illegally after Friday prayers to protest his statements on the NEP. No arrests were made but two men were taken in for questioning. Various BN-backed groups and NGOs continued to make different sorts of protest and lodge police reports as a form of continued harassment.  [3]   Besides, in year 2008 on March 19, Lim Guan Eng announced that the state exco had approved an open tender system for projects exceeding RM50,000. For projects between RM20,000 and RM50,000, a balloting system will be introduced. Furthermore, a two-week objection period would be given for both the open tender and balloting systems. This is a stark contrast to BN governments usual way of directly awarding lucrative contracts to companies without any form of open tendering, mostly to shell companies created by connected personnel or BN politicians. For example, there is a major project which is the Penang International Convention Centre (PICC) was nearly launched without open tender. As of 2010, Penang remains the only state in Malaysia that practices a blanket open tendering system.  [4]   During his tenure as Chief Minister in Penang, it has ranked top among the list of investments in Malaysia which attracting RM12.2 billion worth of total capital investments in 2010. This is also a 465% increase compared to the total investment of RM2.17 billion as of 2009. Consequently in 2011, Penang became top in manufacturing investment in Malaysia for the second consecutive year, with RM9.1 billion in total. In a new measurement indicator of total investment however, which comprises manufacturing, services and private sectors, Penang ranked second in Malaysia after Sarawak in total investments, with the total amount of RM14.038 billion, this was due to not having much primary sector investments.  [5]  Consequently, the public debt in Penang has decreased by 95% from RM630 million in 2008 to RM30 million at the end of 2011.  [6]   On April 28, 2011, Lim signed a memorandum of understanding (MOU) with China. This is witnessed by Chinese premier, Wen Jiabao and Malaysian Prime Minister, Najib Tun Razak on the proposal of the construction of three road and tunnel projects in Penang island. This had including a 6.5 km undersea tunnel, a third link between the island and Butterworth on the mainland. The purpose for Lim Guan Eng to do so is because this will manage to ease the traffic congestion in the area and to improve the links between the island and the mainland.  [7]   Moreover, Lim Guan Eng has launched the concept of Competency, Accountability and Transparency (CAT) in his governance. This slogan is to make sure that the state government can achieve an efficient, responsible and clean government. Other than that, the emphasis of the slogan aims to allow people in Penang in order to share the state governments prosperity when the slogan is achieved. Besides, CAT also comprises positive work ethics and inculcates a team spirit based on performance. This slogan is eventually achieved when the state government enjoys record budget surpluses in successfully attracting up to RM 12.2 billion of total capital investments and practicing an open tender system.  [8]  The reform of the government with its new policies has ended the cronyism and corruption that led to major deficits under the previous regime according to the report in international weekly newsmagazine-The Economist.  [9]   As a result, the Auditor-General praise the Penang state government as the best financially managed state in Malaysia each year from 2008 until 2010. According to the AG report, the consolidated fund has increased by 2.7%, from RM1101.89mil in 2009 to RM1,131.17mil in 2010. Likewise, the consolidated revenue fund has surged by 6.2% from RM538.95mil in 2009 to RM572.49mil in 2010.  [10]   Other than that, there is one program in the Penang state government which is named by Cleaner, Greener Penang. This program is launched by Lim Guan Eng in the year of 2010. The purpose of this program is to transform Penang into the environmentally friendliest and most livable city in Malaysia through education, enforcement and appreciation. This is to restore the current living environment into a cleaner and more sustainable city, which in turn improving the quality of life.  [11]   There are basically four objectives of Cleaner, Greener Penang. The first objective is to improve the quality of life and create a greener public realm. This is to create a sustainable and inclusive community in order to achieve a better living environment. The second objective is to raise awareness and education. This is to encourage the spirit of volunteerism and to forge a committed leadership, strong partnership active community involvement, desire for quality and innovation. The third objective is to carry out policy mapping and institutional Improvements. Lastly, the last objective is to to get the basics right. This is to have effective policies and department process maps to tackle the cleanliness issues and to raise awareness to provide a better living environment for the communities. There are also many reasons for the program of Cleaner, Greener Penang. The first reason is to envision a better living environment. Next, this program is to reposition Penang as a sustainable city. The other reason is to revitalize the urban space and streetscape. Finally, it is an initiative that brings change to the way of Penang residents lifestyle and to be the Habitat of Choice, My Penang My Pride. Due to the program of Cleaner, Greener Penang, Lim Guan Eng enforced the ban on free plastic bags throughout the state on January 1 in the year of 2010. In order to ensure of the renewal of business licenses, retail stores, food outlets and hawker stalls state-wide are required to adhere to the rulings which is the ban of free plastic bags. The proceedings from the sale of plastic bags went to the Partners against Poverty Special Fund to assist the states hardcore poor. This initiative was the first of its kind in Malaysia.  [12]   In the other hand, on December 11 of the year 2011, Lim Guan Eng initiated the Car Free Day which would be held every Sunday at particular stretches of roads in the interior city of George Town, Penang. All motorized vehicles are prohibited from entering these areas on that day, which are part of his efforts transform Penang into a sustainable city and fight climate change.  [13]   In addition, the state government is also considering a proposal to set up bicycle lanes around Penang Island, which is mainly along coastal areas and Seberang Perai, which is scheduled to complete by 2020. Lim Guan Eng wanted to promote Penang as the first state that practice cycling as a healthy form of activity and reduce dependency on motorized vehicles.  [14]   Another contribution that had been done by Lim Guan Eng to the Penang residents is the welfare aids and program. These record budget surpluses are directed towards social benefits such as financial aid to the hardcore poor, cash handouts to the elderly as anti-corruption dividend, upgrading of public housing, free Wi-Fi internet services at selected hot spots and free bus services within the city and between Penang island and Seberang Perai for workers.  [15]  Social welfare aid of RM100 is awarded annually to senior citizens, single mothers, disabled individuals, new-born babies and school-going pupils in Primary 1 to 4 as well as Form 1 to 4.  [16]   Besides, Lim Guan Eng had launched a program due to the bus service in Penang on March 1 in the year of 2011. The main purpose of this bus service is to increase the usage of public transport. In the other hand, this bus service can reduce traffic congestion during peak hours on the Penang Bridge and therefore ease the financial burden of the factory workers. One of the example is the Bridge Express Shuttle Transit which is also known as (BEST) is a free-of-charge park and ride shuttle bus services which ferries commuters across the Penang Bridge from Seberang Jaya to Bayan Lepas Free Industrial Zone. Other than that, there is also a SMART Centre in Penang which is an initiative set up by the Penang state government. In June 2009, during the Penang Outlook Forum, Lim Guan Eng also launched a think tank invest in Penang. The intention of this SMART Centre is to provide market intelligence, business advisory, information and resources and training services to small and medium enterprises (SMEs) in Penang. In assisting these SMEs, it focuses on promotion of local sourcing, investments and networking by providing various programs such as business matching, seminars and talks.  [17]   Under Pakatan Rakyats Agenda Economic Social (AES) or also called as Social Economic Agenda, The Penang state government is aiming to be the first state in Malaysia to eradicate poverty by ensuring every household in Penang has an income of at least RM770 per month. In Peninsular Malaysia, the poverty line is RM763 per month for every family. However, those families with less than RM770 monthly income will have the difference topped up by the state government every month. In other words, a family with RM600 monthly income will receive RM170 monthly under this program.  [18]   Controversy in His Political Life On September 20, 2011, Australia Broadcasting Corporation had conducted an interview with Lim Guan Eng. However, the Malaysian news agency, Bernama reported that he had criticized over disparaging remarks about security of the state of Johor.  [19]  During his speech, he said that You dont have to worry about your safety when you come to Penang. In Johor, if you are a Singaporean, you are likely to get kidnapped. Lim Guan Eng insisted he never mentioned Johor during his interview. Wong Kim Fei, who is a press secretary of Lim Guan Eng had wrote a letter to Bernama editor-in-chief Datuk Yoo Soo Heong, saying that the article that had published was false, untrue and a pack of lies. Instead, he said Lim Guan Eng had merely discussed the Malaysia Solution deal with Australia, the governments pledge to repeal the Internal Security Act (ISA) and Penang issues. Besides, he demanded that Bernama retract their story and issue a formal apology or face a lawsuit.  [20]  He also hopes th at they will continue to uphold professional journalistic standards of integrity and truthfulness by doing so again. Opinion is free but facts are sacred. After that, Lim Guan Eng has apologized to the Sultan of Johor and his subjects over the alleged disparaging remarks he made about Johor in Singapore. It is because the recording of his remark was revealed by the government controlled television channel, TV3, showing clear evidence of his proclaiming that Singaporeans who are in Johor are likely to be kidnapped. On December 14, 2011, Lim Guan Eng has won the defamation suit against Malay daily Utusan Malaysia, which has been ordered by a High Court to pay RM200,000 in damages for publishing a defamatory article about Lim Guan Eng and a cost of RM25,000 to him. Justice Varghese George Varughese, in allowing the defamation suit by Lim Guan Eng against the Malay daily, said he had examined the seven paragraphs containing the defamatory words and found that they were malicious, had intention to mislead readers and was written in bad faith. The article is entitled Kebiadapan Guan Eng (Guan Engs Arrogance) which had defamed his political career and subsequently picturing him and Democratic Action Party (DAP) as anti-Malay and anti-Muslim. The papers publication company, Utusan Melayu (M) Bhd, in its statement of defence, stated that the article was published in response to Lim Guan Engs verbal attack against the paper during his speech at the Pakatan Rakyat convention in Kepala Batas on 19 Decembe r 2010.  [21]   On June 22, 2011, Lim Guan Eng has won the second defamation suit against Utusan Malaysia, which was ordered by the Penang High Court to pay Lim Guan Eng RM200,000 in damages and RM20,000 in costs. Lim Guan Eng had claimed a March 12, 2008 article headlined Tiada Lagi DEB (No More NEP) in the Malay-language newspaper which said he would abolish the New Economic Policy was inaccurate.  [22]   Earlier in 2012, Penang state UMNO claimed that the developer of Penang World City in Bayan Mutiara made no provision for mosques, pointing out that the plot has yet to be subdivided. According to Chief Shaik Hussein Mydin, under the Town and Country Planning Act (TCPA) 1976, all land must be sub-divided according to an approved project plan before land title can be transferred to the developer. However, he said that the Penang government had failed to observe the rule in the Bayan Mutiara land deal. Lim Guan Eng responded that the developer Ivory Properties Group Bhd (IPGB) will only do the subdivision when it submits development plans for the 41.5-ha real estate to Penang Municipal Council (MPPP). In his statement, he said that the new plans and subdivision of title has not yet even been submitted, how can Umno claim that the mosque or school land has been sold or disappeared. Umno must remember that there are standard requirements for schools and places of worship including surau or mosque that are compulsory by local government or must be included in any development project. He also stressed that the people-centric state government would hold on to its fundamental principles and not let land marked for schools and places of worship to disappear. The DAP secretary-general will take legal action against Umno and Utusan Malaysia for claiming that he had sold off the mosque land, and warned Barisan Nasional (BN) from further stoking religious tension. Lim Guan Eng was willing to retire from politics if critics of the deal could prove that the land sale was not done through an open and competitive tender.  [23]   On 6 December, 2012, Lim Guan Eng wants to prove in court that he is not corrupt and doesnt take RM 40 million donations. Penang UMNO Youth Chief Shaik Hussein Mydin and Gerakan have claimed that the Chief Minister has personally received money from Kuala Lumpur International Dental Centre (KLIDC) in respect of its proposed private hospital in Penang. His special legal officer Andrew Yong said in a statement that they have made a baseless claim against the Chief Minister. Alternatively, they should prove their case in court when Lim Guan Eng sues them for their defamatory statements, which are intended to damage his public image and political career. Shaik, UMNO Youth nor Gerakan have so far shown any proof to back their baseless allegations that KLIDC offered money to the Chief Minister to help secure the tender award for the 1.1 acre piece of land in Taman Manggis to build a private hospital. In fact, it was Health Minister Liow Tiong Lai himself who announced that KLIDC has finally obtained a license to operate the private hospital in Penang. In other words, are UMNO Youth and Gerakan also implying that Liow Tiong Lai must also have received money from KLIDC? So, there is a conflict occur on their statement. Nevertheless, KLIDC was given no advantage or favors when it won the bid for the Taman Manggis land, which was offered to the public by open competitive tender. KLIDC made the highest bid of RM 232 per square foot, and the highest bid was chosen.  [24]   Changing Penang in a Changing World: Transforming Penang Penang Chief Minister Lim Guan Eng was given a speech on foreign news agencies Club in Singapore on August 12, 2011. The first main point about todays changing wo